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Mattityahu (Mathias) Strashun (1817-1885): Scholar, Leader and Book Collector

Mattityahu (Mathias) Strashun (1817-1885):
Scholar, Leader and Book Collector

Introduction

Mattityahu Strashun’s Biography

A Brief History of the Strashun Library

The Story of Hebrew Printing

Samuel and Mattityahu Strashun: Between Tradition and Innovation
By Dr. Mordechai Zalkin

Exhibit

(Click here to go back to Strashun Exhibit Index)

Credits

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
The Hebrew Bible & Its Commentaries
  

Bahya ben Asher ben Hlava, 13th century.
Be'ur 'al ha-Torah [Commentary on the Bible]
Venice: 1566.

Written in 1291 by Rabbi Bahya ben Asher of Saragossa, this commentary became very popular and was published in numerous subsequent editions. The author of the Yiddish Tsenerene quotes this work several times.

  

Ibn Shuaib, Joel, 15th century.
Nora Tehilot
[Awesome Praises]
Salonika: Yosef Yavets, 1569.

Commentary on the book of Psalms.

Joel Ibn Shuaib was a member of rabbinic family from Navarre, Spain, who also lived in Toledo and Saragossa, before being expelled in 1492. In his commentary on Psalms, Ibn Shuaib criticized those Jews who publicly converted to Christianity under duress, but continued to practice their faith in secret. This criticism apparently resulted in convincing many of them to return openly to the Jewish faith.

  

Albelda, Moses ben Jacob, 1500? -1583?
Sefer 'Olat Tamid
[Book of Eternal Light]
Venice: Daniel Zanetti, 1601.

Albelda was the grandson of a Spanish rabbi who settled in Salonika, Greece, after the Expulsion. He lived a life of hardship and dislocation, but left several important unpublished works. His sons, Judah and Abraham worked hard to get their father’s books published, among them 'Olat Tamid, a Biblical commentary.

  

Bible. Yiddish. 1679.
Torah Nevi'im u-Khetuvim.
Yiddish translation by Yekutiel Ben Isaac Blitz.
Amsterdam: Uri Feibish, son of Aharon Ha-Levi, 1679.

While there were several previous Yiddish translation of the Bible, they were only partial, or included paraphrases and legends. This is the first Yiddish translation of the complete Bible, which is literal (peshat), and is not interlaced legends and Midrashim.

  

 Bible. Yiddish. 1687.
 Torah Nevi’im u-Khetuvim.
 Amsterdam: 'Immanuel 'Ati'as, 1687.

The second Yiddish translation of the complete Bible appeared just eight years after the first, rendered by Joseph Witzenhausen (1644-1686), an Ashkenazi Jew who lived in Amsterdam. It is considered the better of the two. The title page of this Yiddish Bible was designed especially for Joseph 'Ati'as, Immanuel’s father. It depicts two Biblical scenes: the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai (top) and the reunion of Jacob with his lost son, Joseph (bottom), alluding to the printer’s name. In the center is the family’s emblem flanked by Moses and David.

  

Hebrew Bible. 1705.
Torah, Nevi'im u-Khetuvim,
edited by David Nunez Torres.
Amsterdam: Immanuel 'Ati'as, 1705.

A miniature edition of the Hebrew Bible, printed by Immanuel, son of Joseph 'Ati'as. The 'Ati'as printing press was a very successful business, specializing in Bible editions of all sizes and in many languages. Already in 1687, Joseph 'Ati'as claimed to have published more than a million copies of the Bible. Christoffel van Dijk carved for him a beautiful typeset, which became known as Otiyot Amsterdam [letters of Amsterdam], and was copied by other printers. The editor, David Nunez Torres (died in 1728), was a Spanish-Portuguese Jew who found refuge in Amsterdam.

  

Ashkenazi, Eliezer ben Elijah, 1513-1586.
Yosef Lekah
[Added Lessons]
Hamburg: Isaac Hezekiah ben Jacob Hayim Cordoba, 1711.

Eliezer ben Elijah Ashkenazi was a rabbi who served Jewish communities in Egypt and Cyprus. He traveled extensively and met the most influential Jews of the time. Yosef Lekah is a commentary on the Book of Esther, which Ashkenazi dedicated to Don Joseph Nasi (1524-1579). Nasi was a famous converso who returned to Judaism in 1554, and together with his aunt, Dona Gracia Nasi (1510-1569), exerted much political influence in the Ottoman court.

  
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