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Otto Frank file
Timeline of Key Events
Download Timeline (PDF)
| TIMELINE OF KEY EVENTS RELATIVE TO YIVO’S OTTO FRANK FILE |
|
|---|---|
| May 10, 1940 | Germany invades the Netherlands. |
| October 5, 1940 | Civil servants in Netherlands forced to sign "Aryan attestation." |
| January 10, 1941 | Compulsory registration in Netherlands of all persons "wholly or largely of Jewish blood." |
| March 31, 1941 | Creation of the Zentralstelle für Jüdische Auswanderung (Central Office for Jewish Emigration) in the Netherlands. |
| April 15, 1941 | All Jews in the Netherlands ordered to hand in their wireless sets. |
| April 30, 1941 | Otto Frank first writes to Nathan Straus, Jr., for assistance in emigrating to U.S. |
| May 1, 1941 | Jewish doctors in the Netherlands banned from treating non-Jews; Jews banned from attending stock and commercial exchanges. |
| June 22, 1941 | Germany invades the USSR. |
| July 1, 1941 | US Navy aircraft start antisubmarine patrols from bases in Newfoundland. |
| August 8-11, 1941 | New regulations issued in the Netherlands governing Jewish assets and property; all Jewish assets to be registered with the Lippmann-Rosenthal Bank. |
| September 8, 1941 | Otto Frank writes to Nathan Straus, Jr., to explore possibility of obtaining visas for Cuba. |
| September 15, 1941 | "Forbidden for Jews" signs appear in the Netherlands; Jews banned from public parks, zoos, cafes, restaurants, hotels, guest houses, theaters, cabarets, cinemas, concerts, and libraries. |
| September 17, 1941 | US Navy increases its role in escorting Atlantic convoys bound for England. |
| October 1, 1941 | Jewish children in Amsterdam are required to attend segregated schools. |
| October 20, 1941 | Joodsche Raad, the Nazi-appointed Jewish Council, sanctions the creation of a "card index" of Jews in the Netherlands. |
| November 7, 1941 | Jews banned from traveling within Holland except with official permission. |
| November 27, 1941 | US issues a "war warning" to its overseas commanders. |
| December 1, 1941 | Cuban government issues a single visa in the name of Otto Frank |
| December 5, 1941 | All non-Dutch Jews ordered to register for "voluntary emigration" to the East. |
| December 7, 1941 | Japan attacks US military installations at Pearl Harbor, Guam, Wake and Midway. |
| December 8, 1941 | US declares war against Japan. |
| December 11, 1941 | Germany and Italy declare war on the United States; Cuban visa for Otto Frank cancelled. |
| January 10, 1942 | The first Jews from Amsterdam sent to Nazi work camps. |
| May 3, 1942 | Introduction of the Jewish Star, effectively sealing the fate of Jews in the Netherlands. |
| July 5, 1942 | Otto’s elder daughter, Margot, receives a call-up letter ordering her to report for transport to the East. |
| July 6, 1942 | Otto Frank and his family go into hiding. |
| June 22, 1945 | Julius Hollander, Otto Frank’s brother-in-law, appeals to the National Refugee Service’s Migration Department for assistance in contacting the Franks, having been mistakenly informed that the they were alive and living in Paris. |
| January 31, 1946 | National Refugee Service writes Julius Hollander with information that Otto Frank is in Amsterdam, Edith is deceased, and the daughters are still missing. |
| February 2, 1946 | Julius Hollander informs the National Refugee Service that he is in contact with Otto Frank, who has decided to remain in Amsterdam. |
Partially adapted from Bob Moore, Victims and Survivors: The Nazi Persecution of the Jews in the Netherlands, 1940-45 (London, 1997)